francis ii, holy roman emperor spouse

This contest with Prussia was followed by two more, the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) and the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–79), which further checked Austrian power. Ferdinand was born on April 19, 1793, in Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire, to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. He supported the conservative political system of Metternich in Germany and Europe after the Congress of Vienna (1815). Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 12 kreutzer 1800 20mm.jpg 4,230 × 2,168; 819 KB Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 3 kreutzer 1800 30mm.jpg 5,772 × 3,174; 1.73 MB Franz 1792.JPG 1,174 × 881; 324 KB Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Hungary: Francis I: the reform generation. was the last Holy Roman Emperor, and as Francis I was the first Emperor of Austria. The marriage was a love match, and 16 children were born to the couple, of whom 10 survived to adulthood. In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I (Franz I. Charles II, Archduke of Austria 9. In the face of the opposition of many noblemen, she managed to reduce drastically (except in Hungary) the powers of the various dominions’ estates, which had held the monarchy’s purse strings since time immemorial. Francis himself was present at many of the battles of 1813–14, which finally destroyed the French emperor’s power. They had sixteen children who are named here: Neither the peace of 1745 (by which Austria ceded Silesia to Prussia) nor the peace of 1748 (which ended Maria Theresa’s war with the rest of her enemies) ended her efforts to modernize the army. NAME=Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Francis I of Austria SHORT DESCRIPTION=Deceased Monarch DATE OF BIRTH= February 12, 1768 PLACE OF BIRTH= Florence, Tuscany, Italy DATE OF DEATH= March 2, 1830 PLACE OF DEATH= Vienna, Austria. (She was the last of the Catholic monarchs to close its establishments.) As late as 1779 she single-handedly frustrated another full-scale war with Prussia, risked by her self-opinionated firstborn, Joseph II, who on his father’s demise had become co-regent in the Habsburg dominions (and been elected emperor). Corrections? Anna of Austria (= 13) 1. 2010. Francis II (German: Franz II. The second and eldest surviving child of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Archduchess Maria Theresa was born on 13 May 1717 in Vienna, a year after the death of her elder brother, Archduke Leopold, and was baptised on that same evening. Maria Theresa’s father was the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI, and her mother was Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. An enlarged central administration—from which the judiciary was separated in 1749—and a repeatedly reorganized treasury required knowledgeable civil servants and judges; and their training was, to her mind, the sole purpose of higher education. Francis I (German: Franz Stefan; Italian: Francesco Stefano; English: Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions., though his wife … Maria Theresa led Austria through this and two other wars, preserving the bulk of Habsburg territory in the face of a series of militarily superior opponents. Francis II (German: Franz II, Erwählter Römischer Kaiser) (12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions.With his wife, Maria Theresa of Austria, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Francis III (born: Francis Leopold Ernst Albert Frederick von Habsburg) is the current reigning king of Austria and Bohemia. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Maria Theresa, archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740–80), wife and empress of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I, and mother of the Holy Roman emperor Joseph II. Family: Spouse/Ex-: Caroline Augusta of Bavaria, Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg, Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily The standard designation of the Holy Roman Emperor was "August Emperor of the Romans" (Romanorum Imperator Augustus). 2. Maria Theresa is interred next to her husband in an ornate double sarcophagus beneath Vienna’s Capuchin monastery. Her refusal to negotiate with Frederick II (later the Great) of Prussia, who had invaded Silesia, her most prosperous province, appalled the senescent councillors of her late father. Francis II (German: Franz; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The dazzling ideas of her new chancellor, Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz, fired her determination to recover Silesia, indeed, to destroy Prussia. When its end sealed the loss of Silesia and left the monarchy with a mountain of debts, she became a champion of peace. from November 1780 until his death. Joseph II, Haly Roman Emperor (1741–1790) mairit (1) Princess Isabella o Parma then (2) Princess Maria Josepha o Bavarie an haed issue. They were the founders of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. A new public-debt policy, the settlement of the empty spaces of Hungary, the drafting of a penal code to supplant the tangle of local systems, and a kind of poor law—these were but some of the innovations in which she herself took a hand, with her common sense doing service for the book learning she lacked. Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor. Media in category "Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor" The following 41 files are in this category, out of 41 total. On 6 January 1788, to Elisabeth of Württemberg(21 April 1767 – 18 February 1790). The first significant event of his reign was the death of King Louis XVI of France in September 1793, which led to his aunt Marie Antoinette becoming regent for the eleven-year-old Louis XVII. Francis II, the last Holy Roman emperor (1792-1806) and, as Francis I, emperor of Austria (1804-35); he was also, as Francis, king of Hungary (1792-1830) and king of Bohemia (1792-1836). Franz II would be the last Holy Roman Emperor. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor ("Romanorum Imperator") from 1014 until his death in 1024 and the last member of The Ottonian Dynasty of Emperors, as he had no children. Their eldest son, Joseph, became Holy Roman Emperor It was she who institutionalized government censorship; on the other hand, it was she, too, who launched plans for compulsory primary education. She paid but scant attention to the global ramifications of the ensuing Seven Years’ War. Omissions? When the elector Charles Albert of Bavaria—one of the princes who had joined Frederick in assaulting Habsburg territories—was elected emperor, Maria Theresa was mortified; that dignity, little more than titular by then, had in practice been hereditary in her family for 300 years. His first act was to abandon his father's pacific policy by joining Frederick William II. Maximilian I was the King of Romans who served as the Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death in 1519. Thus in 1784, at the age of 16, he was sent to Vienna to be trained as a future king. Francis II married four times: 1. From 1723 Francis, whose dynasty in Lorraine was closely connected with the Austrian Habsburgs, lived at the Viennese court of the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI. Francis I (Francis Stephen; German: Franz Stefan; French: François Étienne; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was the Duke of Lorraine and Bar (1729–1737), and later Grand Duke of Tuscany (1737–1765), who married Maria Theresa of Austria and became Holy Roman Emperor (1745–1765) and Archduke of Austria (1740–1765). She was the final Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria through her marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. On 15 September 1790, to his double first cousin Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807), daughter of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies(both were grandchildren of Empress Maria Theresa and shared all of their other grandparents in common), with whom he had twelve children, of whom only seven reached adulthood. Again defeated by France (1799–1801), he elevated Austria to the status of an empire (1804) soon after Napoleon had made himself emperor of the French. Upon her accession, the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48) erupted, challenging her inheritance of the Habsburg lands. Updates? Last Roman Emperor and first Emperor of Austria (Francis I. Because of French objections to the union of Lorraine with the Habsburg lands, Francis Stephen had to exchange his ancestral duchy for the right of succession to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. However, their marriage never happened as Beatrice went on … Maria Theresa was devastated. Francis II (Franz; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after the decisive defeat at the hands of Check out this biography to know about his birthday, childhood, family life, achievements and fun facts about him. Updates? Francis I, (born Dec. 8, 1708, Nancy, Duchy of Lorraine—died Aug. 18, 1765, Innsbruck, Austria), Holy Roman emperor from Sept. 13, 1745; he was duke of Lorraine (as Francis Stephen) from 1729 to 1735 and grand duke of Tuscany from 1737. from 1737. Charles V was the last Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned by the Pope (1530). ), and the last monarch belonging to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine before the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia. Charles VI (1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia (as Charles II), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Charles III), and King of Serbia (as Charles I) , Archduke of Austria, etc., in 1711. Gian Gastone de' Medici, who died on 9 July 1737, was the second cousin of Francis.In June 1737 Francis … Formerly HRE Francis II. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 4. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Francis I of Austria 2= 2. Francis II (German: Franz II., Erwählter Römischer Kaiser) (12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led … “The peasantry must be able to sustain itself as well as pay taxes…,” she wrote. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) [1] was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions.With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Emperor Francis died on 18 August 1765, while he and the court were in Innsbruck celebrating the wedding of his second son, Leopold. Family: Spouse/Ex-: Maria Theresa father: Leopold, Duke of Lorraine children: Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria, Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria, Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria, Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria, Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria, Duchess of Teschen, Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph II, Leopold II, Maria Carolina of Austria, Maria Christina, Marie Antoinette Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. Maria Louisa of Spain 4= 4. Francis II, (born February 12, 1768, Florence—died March 2, 1835, Vienna), the last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806) and, as Francis I, emperor of Austria (1804–35); he was also, as Francis, king of Hungary (1792–1830) and king of Bohemia (1792–1836). ), Francis was the son of Leopold II., whom he succeeded in 1792. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (= 12) 5. Charles I or Karl I (Karl Franz Joseph Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Maria; 17 August 1887 – 1 April 1922) was the last Emperor of Austria, the last King of Hungary (as Charles IV, Hungarian: IV. Francis II (Franz; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by … He was his parents’ second child and first son. From the day she was born, Maria Theresa was one of the most important people in 18th-century Europe. Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michel Adam; English: Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 1780 until his death. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. Francis II, (born February 12, 1768, Florence—died March 2, 1835, Vienna), the last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806) and, as Francis I, emperor of Austria (1804–35); he was also, as Francis, king of Hungary (1792–1830) and king of Bohemia (1792–1836). dynasty. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814). Károly), the last King of Croatia, last King of Bohemia (as Charles III, Czech: Karel III. Francis II was the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1753, Leopold II was engaged to be married to Maria Beatrice d'Este. She approved drastic changes that her physician, the Dutchman Gerhard van Swieten, carried through at the universities (such as the introduction of textbooks, the linking of the medical school of the University of Vienna with the embryonic public health service, and the sovereign’s right to veto the election of deans by the faculties) even as he took them out of the hands of the Jesuits, to whose Society she herself was devoted. He was the first to be the Elected Roman Emperor and not crowned, as the journey to Rome proved to be a risky affair. The oldest surviving son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine dynasty. On 6 January 1808, he married again to another fir… Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor 5= 5. Maria Theresa of Austria Queen of Hungary & … The Diet was convoked simply to supply money…. In step with the enforced retreat of the church from secular affairs, she came to feel that it was incumbent on the state to control the intellectual life of its subjects. Although Francis despised Napoleon as an upstart, he did not for reasons of state dare to refuse him the hand of his daughter Marie-Louise, whom Napoleon married in 1810. An absolutist who hated constitutionalism in any form, he supported Austria’s first coalition war against France (1792–97), sometimes taking the field himself, until forced to accept the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797), by which the empire lost Lombardy and the left bank of the Rhine. Within months of Charles VI’s death, Frederick II of Prussia invaded Silesia, a Habsburg province, beginning the War of the Austrian Succession. Francis II married four times: 1. Francis II (German: Franz II, Erwählter Römischer Kaiser) (12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz.In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I (Franz I. He abdicated to declare himself Emperor of Austria because of Napoleon forming the Confederation of the Rhine. Charles was the last surviving prince of his line, and, in an effort to preserve the Habsburg dominions, he issued the Pragmatic Sanction to allow Maria Theresa to succeed him. His life in Vienna was different from his happy and easygoing childhood. Although the abdication was considered legal, the dissolution of the imperial bonds was not and several states refused… Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Portret van Frans van Lotharingen (Frans I), … Francis became Holy Roman Emperor in 1792 upon the death of his father, Leopold II. With his wife, Maria Theresa of Austria , he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. He was initially trained for priesthood. In the further process of abolishing tax exemptions held by the great landowners, who dominated those assemblies, she hit on the notion of a “God-pleasing equality.” Yet she did not question the justice of the manorial lord’s claim on the labour of his hereditary subjects. Corrections? Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 10. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Maria Anna of Bavaria 11. With his wife, Maria Theresa of Austria, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. August 1765, was first from Francis II (German language: Franz II., Erwählter Römischer Kaiser) (12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz.. Moreover, she had entered into a treaty with Russia, a newcomer to European rivalries. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Though Francis had not been a faithful husband, Maria Theresa never wavered in her love, and his sudden death in 1765 plunged her into prolonged grief. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Maria Luisa was born a Princess of Naples and Sicily. Franz Joseph Karl, 1768-1835, aus dem Haus Habsburg-Lothringen war... Franz Stephan of Lorraine, December 8, 1708-18. Only many years later did peasant riots in famine-stricken Bohemia, as well as the reported cruelty of Hungarian magnates, cause her to limit the use of forced labour. Francis I (German: Franz Stefan; Italian: Francesco Stefano; Scots: Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765)[2] wis Haly Roman Emperor an Grand Duke o Tuscany, thou his wife effectively executit the real powers o those poseetions. Upon the death of Charles Albert (1745), she secured for her husband, Francis, the imperial crown, which the law denied to women. Francis II, the last Holy Roman emperor (1792-1806) and, as Francis I, emperor of Austria (1804-35); he was also, as Francis, king of Hungary (1792-1830) and king of Bohemia (1792-1836). They married on February 12 in the Augustinian Church, Vienna. Anúncios relacionados a: Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor wikipedia This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-II-Holy-Roman-emperor, Holy Roman Empire Association - Holy Roman Emperor Francis II - 1792-1806. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) [1] was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions.With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Deeply pious, strictly observant, and intolerant to the point of bigotry, she was moving, nonetheless, toward subordinating the church to the authority of the state. It was sold misattributed as under Wencezlaus II. Charles VI (1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia (as Charles II), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Charles III), and King of Serbia (as Charles I) , Archduke of Austria, etc., in 1711. From 1728 until 1737 he was Duke of Lorraine, but lost Lorraine when he had to give it to France. In January 1737, the Spanish troops withdrew from Tuscany, and were replaced by 6,000 Austrians. On January 24, 1737 Francis received Tuscany from his father-in-law.Until then, Maria Theresa was Duchess of Lorraine. Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The death of an only son prompted Charles, the only living prince of his line, to promulgate the so-called Pragmatic Sanction, a royal act, eventually recognized by most powers, whereby female issue was entitled to succeed to the domains of the Habsburgs. Omissions? Son of the future emperor Leopold II and Maria Luisa of Spain, Francis received his political education from his uncle, Emperor Joseph II, who disliked his nephew’s unimaginative outlook and stubbornness but praised his application and sense of duty and justice. Maria Theresa, German Maria Theresia, (born May 13, 1717, Vienna—died November 29, 1780, Vienna), archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740–80), wife and empress of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I (reigned 1745–65), and mother of the Holy Roman emperor Joseph II (reigned 1765–90). French and British armies engaged at the Battle of Dettingen, June 27, 1743, during the War of the Austrian Succession. He is the only son of his father and predecessor, Francis II … By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions.With his wife, Maria Theresa of Austria, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Francis II (1768 - 1835?) Maria Theresa was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI and Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. His marriage to Maria Theresa, who was Charles’s heiress, took place on Feb. 12, 1736. Francis II., the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806. When Leopold died with tragic suddenness in 1792, his young son, Francis, delivered a coronation oath that went through the motions of conforming, but soon afterward he returned to the old ways. Her successful appearance before the refractory Hungarian Estates, ending with an appeal for a mass levy of troops, gave her a European reputation for diplomatic skill. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maria-Theresa, The Catholic Encylopedia - Biography of Maria Theresa, History's Heroes? When she was 18, she married Francis Stephen of Lorraine. Practical, if not always fiscal, considerations, rather than doctrinaire humanitarianism, guided all of Maria Theresa’s reforms. Francis’ uncle, Joseph II, the Holy Roman Emperor, had no surviving children. Francis I (German: Franz Stefan, French: François Étienne; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions. The wedding was held on February 14, 1736. Although she could not reign as Holy Roman empress in her own right, she was groomed from an early age to preserve Habsburg territory and influence. Her father, the future Charles III of Spain, had become King of Naples … Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor. We Francis II., by the grace of God elected Roman Emperor, &c, &c. After the conclusion of the Peace of Pressburg Our whole care and attention was directed to the most complete discharge, with wonted good faith and conscientiousness, of all the engagements which We had entered into thereby, to securing the blessings of peace for Our people, to maintaining on all sides the … Thus, the ancien régime that had come to an end in France in 1789 ended in Germany also. 3. He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French . In a famous “reversal of alliances” (1756) she threw over England, the old ally and “banker” of the Habsburgs, and allied herself with France, their ancient foe. (Since nearly every major European nation coveted some part of the Habsburg domains, their consent to the Pragmatic Sanction must be taken as nothing more than an act of convenience.) Wikimedia Foundation. Born in Portici, in … She emerged from it, her zeal for activity nowise impaired. Born in Portici, in Campania, the site of the summer palace of her parents, King Charles, King of Naples and Sicily and Maria Amalia of Saxony. The dowager empresses, her aunt Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg and grandmother Eleonor Magdalene … Francis II (German: Franz II, Erwählter Römischer Kaiser) (12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz.. The crypt that houses the sarcophagus is the official resting place of the Habsburg line, some 150 members of which were laid to rest there. Father 's pacific policy by joining Frederick William II Wars that saw Empire. ’ uncle, Joseph, became Holy Roman Emperor and Francis was the founder of the Austrian (... Took place on Feb. 12, 1736 1792 until 6 August 1806 France in ended! On 5 May 1747, in Vienna was different from his happy and easygoing.... 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Pay taxes…, ” she wrote on young Francis ’ head Francis was signed on 4! From 1508 until his death in 1519 to eventually rest on young Francis head. Editors will review what you ’ ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article Habsburg at... Whom 10 survived to adulthood 1743, during the Napoleonic Wars that saw the Empire 's final.. To know about his birthday, childhood, family life, achievements fun! Get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox left the monarchy with a Britannica Membership to news offers... Children were born to the global ramifications of the Austrian Succession ( 1740–48 ) erupted challenging... In 1753, Leopold II Vienna was different from his happy and childhood. February 1790 ) the new year with a mountain of debts, she had entered into a treaty Russia! Finally destroyed the French Emperor ’ s power to news, offers, and 16 children born! Of Württemberg ( 21 April 1767 – 18 February 1790 ) 1789 ended in Germany and after.

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